Brain drain, trade, or train

How does a country determine if it is ready for the knowledge-based competition of the 21st century?  One might start by looking at their relative position in brain trade, meaning the degree to which a country attracts and holds scientific talent.  The best place a country could be is where lots of scientists are coming to you (i.e. Switzerland, Australia, and Canada) but holding them is key, which is where the U.S.A. is most successful.  While China was not included in the survey, India was and the picture shows mainly brain drain which is what India is now beginning to address.  The best scenario is to be a country that has both an active inflow and outflow, an indicator of the "brain train" stance that attracts, nurtures, launches, as well as holds talent.